फिलुङ्गो–एक लघुकथा

                   एउटा समय थियो । ईन्धनहरु एथेष्ठ संकलन गरिएको थियो । खाँचो थियो एउटा फिलुङ्गो । खोज्नका लागि लगाईएका थिए ज्यामीहरु, साँच्चै, ईनधन संकलन गर्न पनि यिनै ज्यामीहरुको प्रयोग गरिएको थियो । यसरी ईन्धन संकलन गरियो, फिलुङ्गो खोजियो र हस्तान्तरण गरियो ‘ठेकेदार साप’लाई । भनिरहन नपर्ला ठेकेदार साप निकट थिए  ट्वाईसी अर्थात सहायक ठेकेदार ,उनकै सुपुत्र साथै अन्य मिस्त्री लगायतका कारिन्दा । पहिले पनि  विभिन्न योजनामा काम गरिसकेका वृद्ध ठेकेदार पनि थिए जो सँग अझै पनि ईन्धन संकलन गर्ने र फिलुङ्गो सल्काउने गुणमा अझै ह्रास आईसकेको थिएन ।

                   समय आयो जंगलमा बढेको विषालु वृक्षलाई आगो सल्काएर निखार्ने । जंगल पहिलो निकै घना थियो । सानो वस्तीको आडमा रहेकाले होला खासै मासिएको थिएन । वस्तिका वासिन्दाहरु आफ्नो आवस्यकताका सामाग्रीहरु जंगलबाटै जुटाएर काम चलाउँथे । तर केही समय देखि वस्तिमा जनसङ्ख्या वृद्धि सँगै वन मासिने क्रम बढ्यो, जंगली जनावर वस्तिमा पसेर दुःख दिन थाल्यो कति पटक त जंगलको चितुवाले वस्तिका स–साना वालवालिकहरुलाई दिनदहाडै घिसारेर लगेको समेत थियो । वासिन्दाहरु त्राहीमाम ! त्यसै समयमा जंगलमा विषालु वृक्ष बढ्दै गएको त्यसले सारा वस्तिलाई नै सखाप पार्ने हल्लाहरु फैलन थालेको थियो । मानिसहरु चितुवा र विषालु वृक्षको भयले जंगल पस्न डराउन थाले । डर यति चुलियो कि वासिन्दाहरुलाई आफ्नो न्यूनतम आवस्यकता पूर्ति गराईरहेको जंगल देखि रिस उठ्न थाल्यो । विषालु वृक्षबाट पार पाउन वासिन्दाहरु ठेकदार सापको मा घरमा जम्मा भएका थिए ।

                     जंगलमा फैलिएको विषालु वृक्षलाई तह लगाउने उपाय ठेकेदार सापकै थियो । यस्तो जटिल घडीमा उनबाटै आशा थियो । उनको मुखारविन्दबाट पहिले पनि यस्ता निर्णयहरु आउने गरेकै हुन् । वासिन्दाहरु ढुक्क थिए, ठेकेदार साप जो थिए, जटिल घडिमा निर्णय गर्न सामर्थ्यवान । उनले निर्णय गरे ‘विषालु वृक्षलाई ठेगान लगाउन जंगललाई चारै तिरबाट ईन्धन छरी आगो सल्काई दिने ’। यस्ता महान व्यक्तिको महान निर्णय सुनेर सवै हर्षविभोर सवैले परररर तालि बजाएर समर्थन गरे, ठेकेदार सापको जय जयकार गरे, ठेकेदार साप गद्गद्। ए साच्चै ठेकेदार सापले गरेको निर्णयका विपक्षमा आवाज उठाउने हिम्मत कस्ले गर्न सक्थ्यो र! साँच्चै आफूले गरेको निर्णयको विरुद्ध मा बोल्ने लाई ठेगान लगाउन पनि त उनले जानेकै थिए । निर्णय आखिर त्यही भयो ।

                     ज्यामीहरु छरिए ईन्धन सहित, वरिपरिबाट ईन्धनको वृष्टि गराईयो, सृष्टि जो बस्दै थियो, वृष्टि पछि । अनि माहान ठेकेदार सापले आफ्नै वाहुलीबाट फिलुङ्गो सल्काईवक्स्यो । आगो फैलियो दनदन, लाग्यो डडेलो तर डडेलोमा कसैको दुःख थिएन अथवा देखाउन सकेका थिएनन् , देखाएका थिए त केवल आशा, विश्वास र भरोसा, डडेलो सँगै असंख्य रुखहरु, पोथ्राहरु, बाँदरका बथान, जंगली जनावरका झुण्डहरु सवै एकै चिहान । ज्यामीहरु झनै खुसी आफ्ना सन्ताल घिसार्ने चितुवा जो आगोमा पुत्पुताउँदै थियो । १९ दिनको डडेलो पश्चात जंगल सखाप, विषलु वृक्ष प्राणहिन, सवै खरानी, कोईलाको खानी, अपार नीधि, ज्यामी हर्ष विभोर, ठेकेदार साप मालिक, अरु श्रमिक । दिनप्रतिदिन कठोर मिहिनेत, भरिदैं ढुकुटी, बनाईँदै महल, मगाईँदै विदेशी अत्तर, मगाईँदै विदेशी फर्निचर, ठेकेदार सापको राजशी ठाँट, बन्दी श्रमिक ठेकेदार सापको निगाहको अधिन । ठेकेदार सापको मौसुफमा मेटामोर्फोसिस, अरु रैती । नाम जस्तै अजंगको पर्सनालिटिका धनि ठेकेदार सापलाई मौसुफ भन्न करै लाग्यो । वृद्ध ठेकेदार सल्लाहकार, ट्वाईसी ठेकेदार राजकुमार, श्रमिक सवै नोकर, आसेपासे भारदार !

                                                               –आभाष

Legalise Prostitution for Safety, Respect and Recognition

  It has been few weeks that Deputy Inspector General (DIG) of Nepal Police Parwati Thapa urged the necessity of establishment of sex-related crimes in the country.This exclamation came when Nepal Police have been involved in keeping the raids in the suspected brothels and the probable areas where flesh trade was supposed to be done and the police nabbed those found on charge of violating the norms and values and having sexual relationship in public places.Few days before the exclamation, the report prepared by the internal investigating jury warned that many policewomen have been sexually abused by their male compatriots.And as expected her exclamation raised many criticisms from the so-called intellectuals and self-declared pointing out that it was against the Nepalese culture and tradition that we have been following for centuries.Commonsense is what is lacking in the so-called intellectuals that when many countries have already considered it as a form of profession and made attempts to legalize it they lack strong ground and foundations to oppose it except  blaming the establishment of bad culture and adaptation from the west.

When many countries in the west have already legalized it as a form of profession and even our neighboring India have already established red-light areas it has been a highly debated issue in our country.Research have shown that legalization of prostitution ensures physical and health safety of the sex-workers and the health-related negative consequences like HIV, AIDS etc.can be controlled.After legalization prostitutes will get the strong foundations to stand in.

Today in such a transition and the state of political instability our country lacks strong law so that all this cons could be addressed but in the days to come this should be a serious topic of discussion. Neednot to say, the issue of legalizing of prostitution is a worldwide debated issue and in our country where culture, religion and tradition has a eminent role in the formulation of plans and policies this could be a distant dream.But we cannot disagree that prostitution is the world's first profession though not socially accepted in our country can be seen been practiced.Today when a lady with her own will works as a prostitute gets raped, she cannot go to the police and ask for justice as she is already a criminal in the eye of law.Thus the rapist goes scot-free.Being a sex-worker can never be a serious offense then being raped.In my opinion setting up red-light areas will ensure the physical safety of the sex-workers and have the strong recognition in the society.

Aanam

"Policy And Programmes Of Government 2011/12"-A Review

Hon.Dr.Rambaran Yadav presenting Policy and Programmes 

The government of Nepal in the first programme to announce its policy and programmes for the fiscal year 2011/12 has made many of the assertions that include to end the peace process intitiated in 2006 to a logical conclusion as soon as possible. The Honorable President of Nepal, Dr. Ram Baran Yadav in his statement in the Constituent Assembly said that the present government is committed to bring the peace process to a logical conclusion thus also completing the task of writing  the constitution in order to maintain constitutional supremacy, guarantee the rule of law and good governance, protect and promote human rights, implement the past understandings and agreements and make service delivery effective on the basis of national consensus. The president also asserted that the government and all the lawmakers to work day and night to draft the constitution of the country which would ultimately guide the fate of the Himalayan Republic.

Apart from timely  drafting of the constitution, programmes that would aid in bringing a close to the remnants of the decade long armed conflict and development process has been included in the statement. The statement also focuses on eradicating all kind of inequalities, poverty and exploitation and guiding the nation towards a federal republic. The policy and programmes also emphasizes to push forward the socio economic transformation, to systematically and strategically pave the path of the post conflict era. The government plans to continue the political, social and the economic revolution at the same time. The government also plans to integrate the Peoples' Liberation Army (PLA) and to make the necessary arrangements to rehabilitate the former combatants who do not want to be integrated in the National Army within six months and  prepare the new National Security Policy as soon as possible. The government is going to continue Panchasil which advocates the process of peaceful coexistence,not to interfare in the internal political affairs of the neighboring countries and non-alignment with any of the countries in war as its foreign policy. The government also plans to build up the more important infrastructure of development through the use of Public Private Partnership model. Government also plans to build up independent body to pursue the the idea of e-governance that would make the working of the bureaucracy hassle-free and easily accessible.

It further  plans to give major priority to develop the fields of competitive advantages like agriculture, tourism, hydroelectricity  and water resources. The government initiates to invest the local funds within the country for projects of national priority and to seek international funds only if the national funds are insufficient and to emphasis co-operatives for the economic development of the country. Apart from these initiatives the, government also has prioritized various long term development projects that is going to positively affect the lives of people. The house has finally endorsed the policy and programmes that has been initiated by the government with majority. The opposition Nepali Congress has filed the written dissatisfaction on the various points included in the policy and programmes for which the Honorable Prime minster had given answers in front of the house.

Though the house has supported the policy and programmes by majority still most of the lawmakers and even the general people are not sure about the implementation of all the programmes that has been illustrated. The opposition has even said that the policy and programmes are too vague and were simply made in order to make the coalition partners in the government happy rather than to address the major problems seen in the country ranging from the issue of armed conflicts in Terai to limiting inflation that has greatly affected the country. The opposition has even criticized the policy as a meaningless good essay .

The policy and programmes have failed to address the major problems and strategic plans and policies regarding the peace process and  army integration which has been the major point of heated discussion for the past few  years . All these issues will go into a limbo if proper implementation is not carried out. The programme to logically conclude the constitution drafting process and to integrate the qualified former militants in the national security force and rehabilitate the disqualified militants in the society lacks proper strategic planning. The issues which should have been concluded with the common understanding and full house support have been passed through the alternative way of majority in the parliament which is surely going to affect the implementation part as it lacks the support from the opposition.

Till today understanding about the modality of the army integration and the rehabilitation of the former combatants has not taken place. Even when  the coalition partners in the government lack the understanding on the issue, the way forward seems more tougher like walking on burning coal to the ruling parties. If the policy and programmes had stated the strategic ways and plans to logically conclude the peace process on time and in the common understanding of the major political parties, it would have been better and the implementation part would also have become easier. It also has  has failed to address the reasons of the armed outfits that have been operating in Terai which would one day be one of the greatest challenge to overcome.

 The issue of the armed groups that has been in rise since the middle of the last decade if unanswered would be the matter of threat to our national security. So, emphasis to segregate the armed groups to political and terrorist should be done and the political outfits should be pressurized to start a dialogue while terrorist groups should be tackled with force. Therefore, the policy and programmes have been proposed to onlymake the coalition partners in the government happy rather than to address the most serious issues that has been affecting the lives and the fate of the country. The policy and programmes has not been able to address and initiate the major prevailing problems and lacks the plan of action for  major programmes.

At some points the importance of the private sectors have been added up but the ovarall policy has been such that it will not positiely enhance the economy.Higher emphasis on the long term projects has been focused on despite the low performance on the previous years.The programmes like the establishment of the "Hydropower Development Bank" so as to collect funds and to invest on the power sector lacks the clear roadmap and is intended to increase the role of the bureaucrats.The priority to subsidize the cooperatives which though with higher amount of the capital and low performance and which are said to be performing beyond their alloted criterion is going to bring monetary profligacy in the long term. Special programmes to support the poor, women and the marginalized community is stated but lacks the clear ground or the idea it is going to be operated.

Aanam

लोकतन्त्र र नेपाल

राजनीती राज्य सन्चालन गर्ने सुत्र नभयर मुलुक लाई दिशाहिन गन्तब्य तिर डोर्योउने साधन हुँदै छ ।राजनीती मा अपराधिकारण बढदो छ अनि अपराध को राजनीतिकारण को गती पनि कम छैन ।एस्तो अवस्थामा देश जस्तो सुकै साशन पद्धती बाट सन्चालन भए पनि देश ले अग्रगमन को बाटो तिर बढ्न सक्दैन ।

नेपाली समाज को बिकासक्रम को अध्यायन गर्दा एउटा कहाँली लाग्दो तानसाही साशन देखी आजको लोकतन्त्रीक ब्यबस्था सम्म आइपुगेका छौं ।लोकतन्त्रीक ब्यबस्था आफैं मा साध्य पक्कै हैन यो त केवल साधन मात्रै हो जनता लाई मालिक बनाउने,दीगो बिकास गराउने,अर्थीक  बिकास गराउने अनि जनता बाट चुनिएका प्रतिनीधी लाई जनता प्रती नै जवाफ देही बनाउने ।तर हामी कती लोकतन्त्रीक छौं त ?हाम्रो देश कती लोकतन्त्रीक छ त ?२००७ साल को जनता को संघर्स को चाहना राजा रहित को प्रजातन्त्र थियो राजा सहित को प्रजातन्त्र  थीएन ।तर जिम्मेवार ठानिएका राजनीतिक दलले जनता को आँखा मा छारो हाले अनि राजा बिना हाम्रो अस्तित्व छैन भन्दै राजा सहित को प्रजातन्त्र को वकालत  गर्न थाले ।फलत्:राजनीतिक दलहरु राजा प्रती वफादार बने अनि राजा ले मौका को फाइदा उठाउँदै कलीलो प्रजातन्त्र को मुन्टो परक्कै निमोठे ।
जनता पनि कस्तो ज्यद्रो जात हुँदो रहेछ तानासाह को बूट र बन्दूक को पर्वाह नगरि संघर्स को मैदान मा सदा अटल रही रहन्छ । जनता ले २७ साल मा  राजा फाल्न खोज्यो-सकेन,३६ साल मा फाल्न खोज्यो-सकेन र अन्तत्:४६ साल को जनक्रान्ती को बुता मा नेपाल प्रजातान्त्रीक बन्यो र तानासाहा राजतन्त्र लाई संबैधानिक बनाउन फेरी पुरानै धोङी हरु लागि परे राजा रहित को प्रजातन्त्र खोजेनन र फेरी पनि राजा बाट प्रजातन्त्र को घाँटी निमोठ्ने काम  भयो,जनता ले मानेनन र फेरी २०६२-६३मा आन्दोलन भयो र त्यसको भुमरिले  ले राजतन्त्र तहस्-नहस भयो  र जनता को युगौं देखी को चाहना संबिधानसभा को चुनाव  सम्पन्न  भयो ।

र आज को दिन सम्म पनि पुरनै धोङी हरु सत्ता मा  छन ।ति पुरनै  धोङी जो पटक पटक प्रजातन्त्र को घांटी निमोठ्दा क साक्षी थिए,र एक पटक प्रप्त गरेको उपलब्दी कहिले गुम्दैन भन्ने भन्ने भ्रम पालेर मैमत्त भएका छन्,उनी हरुले सोचेक छन कि उनि हरु ले सिंह को नँग्रा  काटेक छन तर सिंह को नंग्रा फेरी पलौन पनि त सक्छ र पुन्: प्रहस हुन सक्छ लोकतन्त्र माथि भन्ने कुरा भुलेका छन ।
त्यसैले खवरदार अब पुन्: पुरनै गल्ती दोहोराएर सत्ता को छिना  झप्टी र भ्रस्टाचार  मा लाग्योउ भने जनता को हुँकर ले सिर्जना गरेको आँधी ले उँडाएर नेता हरु लाई पनि पक्कै लाने छ ।

६२-६३ को आन्दोलन ले स्रीपेच सहित को राजा त फाल्यो  तर जनता जस्तै देखिने,जनता जस्तै भएर हिँड्ने धेरै राजा-राजाउटा हरु पनि जन्माएको छ ।लोकतन्त्र को असली मालिक जनता हुनु पर्छ तर  ताला-साँचो  आफ्नो हातमा लिएका यिनै राजा-राजाउटा ले पुन्: लोकतन्त्र लाई बन्धी बनाउने  काम गरे भने निर्णायक सँघर्श का लागि जनता अफै तयार रहना जरुरी  छ ।


लोकतन्त्र सिँहदरबारमा सितल निवास  मा  मात्रै हैन जनता को झुपडी मा आउन जरुरी छ ।लोकतन्त्र तब सम्म संस्थागत हुन सक्दैन जब सम्म जनता को जिवनस्तर उकासिन्न,नांगा चिथरा मा एक शरो कपास दुइ छाक पिठो र उचित बास पाउन सक्ने अवस्था को सिर्जना हुन सक्दैन,मिहिनेत मज्दुरी गर्ने पर्याप्त मात्र मा श्रम बजार को ब्यबस्था हुँदैन,सबै ले पाउन सक्ने गरी सर्भसुलभ सिक्षा,सिक्षा अनुसार को काम्,काम अनुसार को दाम आउन सक्ने ब्यबस्था बनाउना सकिन्न ।

आज अराजाकता र भड्भैलो गरेर तेश्लाई लोकतन्त्र को नाम्
दिने पनि प्रसस्तै  छन ।उनी हरुले बुझ्न जरुरी छ,लोकतन्त्र कहिले पनि एक पक्षिय हुँदैन ,आफ्नो अधिकार प्रयोग गर्दा अर्काको अधिकार संकुचन हुन नदिनु लोकतन्त्र को प्रमुख मर्म हो ।बिधी को साशन को सुनिस्चिततत,जनता को जिउ धन को रक्षा नभए सम्म लोकतन्त्र दिगो हुन सक्दैन ।

लोकतन्त्र लाई संस्थगत गरेर नेपाल लाई अग्रगमी मुलुक बन्न आजको ऐतिहासिक परीस्थितीमा सवल बन्न जरुरी छ ।संक्रमण काल लम्ब्याएर लोकतन्त्र र स्वतन्त्रता को घाँटी निमोठ्न तत्पर लाई गतिलो जवाफ दिन जरुरी छ ।दन्डहिनता को अन्त्य जरुरी छ र जनता लाई मालिक बनाउन  जनता आफैँ सचेत हुन जरुरी छ ।

"Roadmap For Economic Growth In Nepal"

Nepal is naturally blessed country with abundant amount of resources. Abundance of resources has created huge amount of possibilities in our country to be the prosperous nation in the world. But we have not been able to transform this possibilities into reality and we are still living in poverty with very low economic growth rate. Though the Industrial Revolution commenced in Nepal in the mid fifties it could not accelerate its pace and today we are here high unemployment rate and ranked as one of the poorest country in the world. Nepalese economy has today reached such a pity state that the whole economy has been dependent on the remittance sent by the Nepalese labour working abroad. The pace of opening the newer industries and businesses is so slow that it has just been able to contribute the fractions of the total economy. Nepalese economy is highly dependent on the foreign aid and remittances.

After the advent of democracy in Nepal in 1990, Nepal adopted the liberal economic policy and the economy started to accelerate. But this boon could not be long lasting as the Maoist insurgency and the state enforced counter insurgency in mid fifties highly affected  the businesses and they soon got shut down. The effect was so huge that the big corporate houses stop their functioning and the foreign direct investment in Nepal literally sank to zero.

But, in the changed scenario when Nepal is going to institutionalized as a democratic republic, the path towards prosperity appears some how nearer. Economic freedom accompanied by strong rule of law is the only way towards prosperity. Nepal should enforce better economic policies so that Nepal can witness the economic growth that has been the dream of all for centuries. Nepal being located between the two economic giants of South Asia, China and India, can act as an economic hub for the development of economic status of the country. Economic freedom and the strong rule of law makes the foundation of entrepreneurship and economic development even broader and stronger. In an free enterprise market creates jobs, job creates money, money creates market and again market creates jobs. So, the only way towards prosperity is free market where entrepreneurship and economic freedom is guarantee. The existing opportunities can be cashed through entrepreneurship and economic freedom.

Today the developed world is walking from industrialization towards the carbon neutral economy. Nepal being the smallest producer of carbon can grab the benefit and mobilize towards prosperity. Strong rule of law and security is certainly going to welcome the potential investors from the neighboring and other countries. When the possibilities gets transformed into opportunity the brain drain that is seen can be reversed and the skilled manpower can be mobilized for the development of our own country. Tourism industry and hydropower are the two major source which can really make our country prosper. No country will prosper with the unutilized resources. Maximum utilization of the available resources will only make our country prosperous. So, with the sound, liberal and clear economic policies which are the basics of entrepreneurship guided by strong rule of law and security can make the dream of prosperous Nepal a reality.

Written by : Aanam

Review On The Book "Common Sense Economics"

"Common Sense Economics" subtitled as "What everyone should know about wealth and prosperity" is one of the masterpiece article by three famous economists James Gawrtney, Richard L.Stroup and Dwight R.Lee accounts economics as a simple subject of study and caters the bulks of information about the important aspects of economic progress, role of government and the know-hows of household and business finances. This book fills the gap that exists between the basic human psyche and the legendary economics theories. Enough justice has been done in order to illustrate the know-haws of  basic economic principles along with the straight, simple and clear language which most of the trendy economists does not considers. The writers argue that the economic progress is possible only in the competitive free market economy with limited government interventions.

The book is divided into four parts in which the writers have tried to illustrate on the different aspects like key elements of economics, major sources of economic progress, role of government in economic development and the key elements of the practical personal fianances.With the ideas pursued in the book one will be able to make wiser political choices and benefit to be wealthy. The authors even argue that increase in the personal wealth results in the generation of  the wealth of others too.

Part 1: Key Elements of Economics.

Incentives plays a vital role in the decision making of the individuals. The cost and value of each and everything that is available in our surrounding differs from individual to individual. Through the coarse of time human beings are selfish and greedy by nature. Incentives applies to all the socio-economic and political situations in which human being are an important part of.The resources available are limited whereas the human desires are unlimited. One should always give up something in order to obtain the other as there is always the involvement of opportunity cost. So, the decision of choosing and abandoning is done at margin.

Trade moves the goods and services from the people who have excess of something to the person who does not have the goods. The producer and the consumer go through the process of voluntary exchange for the collection of the goods they value the most.Transaction costs increases the cost of the goods so, one should always try to lesson the transactional costs in order to obtain the higher return.Profit works as an motivating factor which motivates the person to trade the goods and services and increase their wealth.People get paid for the services that they caters. The supplier of the service paid only when the consumer value the service.

Trade, investment, technological breakthrough and the sound economical institutions assists in the economic development. Investment in the machineries and the trainings enhance the capacity of production of goods and services and the technological breakthrough accelerates the economic development.Pricing system directs the sellers and the buyers towards the activities that promote the general welfare.Generally the long term consequences of a certain plans are ignored and the short term consequence are considered which results in the huge bad effects than the problems occurred by the short term problems.

Part 2: Major Sources of Economic Progress.

Legal system acts as the foundation of the economic development as it provides security to the privately owned property .Private property motivates the people to work and earn for their own rather than the others. Private owners can work for the development as they have been guided by the strong incentive. Private owners exploit the available resources to the optimum and conserves them.Competition promotes the efficient and effective use of resources and provides a continuous stimulation for the innovative breakthroughs. Competition puts the pressure on the producer to operate efficiently. The firms who are not able to caters the services eventually gets driven out of the market. Competition forces the business to lower their operational cost and help to introduce innovations.

Improper rule and regulations that is enforced by the government retards the economical growth as it limit the entry of the newer business and the competitive businesses. The gains from trade gets lowered in coarse of establishing and operating the business. The business gets out of the market due to the unwanted interventions and the huge regulations by the government.Effective mechanism that channelizes the capital for wealth generation by attracting the saving and the investment opportunities should be setup.

Monetary stability is highly disturbed by the inflationary monetary policies that distorts the price signals which undermines the market economy.Higher tax rates discourages the people to work higher as the worth of their hard work is taken by others. People don't want others to be benefitted of the hard work they do. Higher taxation will reduce the level of efficiency and the production.A nation will progress if it is able to find out its space of comparative advantage and work on that that produces each and every stuffs that is necessary for the nation. So, the space of the comparative advantage should be sorted out, worked upon, exported and the items of disadvantages should be imported.

Part 3: Economic Progress And Role Of Government.

The role of government is to protect the right of individuals and to work out to supply the goods and services that the market cannot effectively provide. Government should not be involved in business as it has the huge responsibility to cater service to its citizens. Government gets all the money through taxation which the private sector pays. So, it will be better the government to just work for the protection of the rights of the citizens.

The cost of the government is not just the taxes as there is also the cost of the resources that is spent in the collection of taxes and the enforcement of the government mandates.When the constitutional rules is not in action, special interest groups will use the democratic  political process to fleece taxpayers and the consumers. Such misuse of the political and democratic interest increases the level of corruption with massive manipulation of the laws.

The legislatures will run the budget deficit and excessively spend the resources when the constitutional rules are violated. Such massive spending is not as productive as the proper usage of the available resources.Economic process gets slower down when the government gets involved in the process of providing the unnecessary subsides to the others on the cost of somebody else's expense.The cost of the government income transfers are huge higher than the net gain to the intended beneficiaries. The increase in the government transfers will reduce the incentives of both the taxpayers and donor and the transfer recipient to earn the income which in turn ditches the economic growth.The role of the central planning replaces the role of the market with the politics which wastes the amount of the limited resources and retards the level of the economic progress. Central planning will ensure the active role of the political interventions in the development planning thus increasing the level of corruption.

Competition is very very important in government as important as it in the markets. Constitutional rules that brings the political process and the sound economics into harmony will promote the economic progress. Economic progress is possible in the context of proper rule of law else it will halt the progress.

Part 4:Elemets of practical personal finance.

Prosperity is possible when one is able to identify the space of their comparative advantage and work on that. Entrepreneurship ensures people through the modern tools of doing things by innovative ideas that helps the businesses with the technological breakthrough. Market is generated when there is the transfer of the goods which is excess with one and low with the other. Change in habit from higher spending to the lower spending ensures the saving which in turn increases the property. Diverse the fields of the work from the most important to the less important. The habit of spending less and non on the extravagance will ensure the savings.

In such way "Common Sense Economics" with various examples have tried to simplify the complexity of economics with the common sense of the people. Thus this books is the simplification of the complex economics in the way which one can easily understand.

                                                                                     

                                                                                     Review by Aanam

आखिर के हो त "गरी खान देउ!"

आखिर के हो त "गरी खान देउ!"

केही समय अगाडी कुपन्डोल पुल नजीकै को होर्डिँङ बोर्ड मा लेखिएको "गरी खान देउ!" उदगार ले मलाई धेरै समय सम्म सोच्न बाध्य तुल्यायो । आखिर कस्ले किन लेख्यो होला एस्तो बितृस्णा, आग्रह र पिडा का शब्दवली ! कस्ले पोख्यो होला खिया लगेको बोर्ड मा आफ्नो मन को बेदना ?

आजको मिति मा दैनिक ८०० देखी १००० जना सिर्जनसिल युवा बैदेसिक रोजगार का लागि अरब को मरुभुमी मा ५० डिग्री को तापक्रम सहेर पैसा सँग आफ्नो रगत पसिना सत्न म ब्यस्त चन्, अनि कतिपय पढेलेखेका नेपाली हरु अमेरिका र बेलायत मा आफ्नो सिप र पसिना बेचिरहेका छन्, ती प्रत्यक नेपाली को साझा अभिलाषा हुन्छ '"यदी नेपाल म सुरक्षित भएर भय रहित बातावरण मा काम गर्ने अवसर हुंदो हो त म कदपी यस्तो मरुभुमी मा आउने थीइन ? हो,यो उदगार यीनै युवा मध्य कसैको हुनु पर्छ जो नेपाल मा नै बस्न चाहन्छ तर यँहा देखियका थुप्रै गरी खान नदिने तत्वो हरुको चौघेरा मा उभिएर अकास्मत लेख्यो "गरी खान देउ!"
हो हामी सबै देश मा नै गरी खान चाहने नेपाली को साझा मुद्दा हो "गरी खान देउ!" नेपाली मात्र को दिल को अाह्वान हो "गरी खान देउ!"अभियान र यस्ले बोकेका एजेण्डा हरु ।"गरी खान देउ!" यो अभियान दिन भरी गाडी चलाउने ड्राईभरकाे को हुन सक्छ, बन्द को मार मा परेर ब्यापार व्यवसाय गर्न नपाएको ब्यापारी को हुन सक्छ, बिद्यार्थी को हुन सक्छ,  उद्ध्यमी को हुन सक्छ, तपाईं को हुन सक्छ, मेरो हुन सक्छ अनि हामी सबै सवा तीन करोद नेपाली को हुन सक्छ ।त्यसैले "गरी खान देउ!" हामी सबैको साझा मुद्धा बन्न अावस्यक  छ!!!!!!!!!!!